采用花杆-雪坑法进行单点消融量和积累量观测，再将单点观测结果点绘到大比例尺冰川地形图上，按净平衡等值线法或等高线分区法计算整个整条冰川的冬季、夏季及年度的物质平衡各分量。", "ds_source": "
自主产生。", "ds_process_way": "
冰川物质平衡观测采用冰川学方法（花杆/雪坑法）。具体步骤包括：1）物质平衡花杆网阵观测网络布设。在冰川表面布设木质或金属观测杆（花杆），并对其编号，理想的花杆布设应均匀分布于冰川表面，组成以单点为节点的观测网阵。花杆钻孔依靠蒸汽钻或人工冰芯钻钻取。花杆露出雪面的高度和在冰内的长度依照布设点的积累或消融情况以及观测周期而定。2）定期测量花杆出露冰川表面的高度，根据其变化计算冰川的消融量或积累量。对于冰川积累区，还可以通开挖雪坑的方法，确定冰川的积累量。3）冰川物质平衡计算。根据物质平衡花杆点和雪坑在特定时期内的观测，可计算得出观测时期内观测点的物质平衡，利用插值手段，通过等值线法与等高线法方法，得到观测时段内整条冰川的物质平衡值。", "ds_quality": "
严格按照世界冰川监测中心（WGMS）冰川学观测调查方法、规范执行，采用花杆-雪坑法进行观测，定期观测冰川表面相对于花杆顶点的位置，在积累区定时定点开挖雪坑或钻孔取样，测量雪层密度，分析雪-粒雪层位特征，以计算雪层积累量，再将单点观测结果点绘到大比例尺冰川地形图上，按净平衡等值线法或等高线分区法计算整个整条冰川的瞬时、季节（如冬季和夏季）及年度的物质平衡各分量。垂直分辨率 0.01 米每 10 kg/m2（单点物质平衡），整条冰川物质平衡不确定性控制在200 kg/m2/a。", "ds_acq_start_time": "1960-08-31 00:00:00", "ds_acq_end_time": "2025-08-31 00:00:00", "ds_acq_place": "天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川", "ds_acq_lon_east": 86.82527777777777, "ds_acq_lat_south": 43.109722222222224, "ds_acq_lon_west": 86.79916666666666, "ds_acq_lat_north": 43.12694444444445, "ds_acq_alt_low": 3780.0, "ds_acq_alt_high": 4250.0, "ds_share_type": "apply-access", "ds_total_size": 10087, "ds_files_count": 2, "ds_format": "excle", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_time_res": "年", "ds_coordinate": "WGS84", "ds_projection": "", "ds_thumbnail": "3dc013b6-17fd-46de-8ee9-111a44efe681.png", "ds_thumb_from": 2, "ds_ref_way": "", "paper_ref_way": "", "ds_ref_instruction": "", "ds_from_station": null, "organization_id": "76330c66-832b-46b3-b501-f5f6edb08dc2", "ds_serv_man": "敏玉芳", "ds_serv_phone": "0931-4967596", "ds_serv_mail": "ncdc@lzb.ac.cn", "doi_value": "", "subject_codes": [ "170.99" ], "quality_level": 3, "publish_time": "2026-02-05 15:56:19", "last_updated": "2026-02-05 15:56:19", "protected": false, "protected_to": null, "lang": "zh", "cstr": "11738.11.NCDC.TIANSHAN.DB7117.2026", "license": null, "i18n": { "en": { "title": "Urumqi River Source No.1 Glacier Mass Balance Dataset (1960-2025)", "ds_format": "excle", "ds_source": "
Independently generated.", "ds_quality": "
Strictly following the glacier observation and survey methods and standards of the World Glacier Monitoring Center (WGMS), the flower pole snow pit method is used for observation. The position of the glacier surface relative to the flower pole vertex is regularly observed, and snow pits or boreholes are excavated at fixed points in the accumulation area to measure the density of the snow layer, analyze the characteristics of the snow grain snow layer, and calculate the accumulation amount of the snow layer. Then, the single point observation results are plotted on a large-scale glacier topographic map, and the instantaneous, seasonal (such as winter and summer), and annual material balance components of the entire glacier are calculated using the net equilibrium contour line method or contour zoning method. Vertical resolution of 0.01 meters per 10 kg/m2(single point mass balance), and the uncertainty of the entire glacier mass balance is controlled at 200 kg/m2/a.", "ds_ref_way": "", "ds_abstract": "
Using the flower stem snow pit method for single point melting and accumulation observations, and then plotting the single point observation results on a large-scale glacier topographic map, calculate the winter, summer, and annual material balance components of the entire glacier using the net equilibrium contour line method or contour zoning method.", "ds_time_res": "年", "ds_acq_place": "Tianshan Urumqi River Source No.1 Glacier", "ds_space_res": "", "ds_projection": "", "ds_process_way": "
The observation of glacier mass balance adopts glaciological methods (flower stem/snow pit method). The specific steps include: 1) Setting up a material balance flower pole network observation network. Wooden or metal observation poles (flower poles) should be placed on the surface of glaciers and numbered. Ideally, flower poles should be evenly distributed on the glacier surface to form an observation network with single points as nodes. Flower stem drilling relies on steam drilling or artificial ice core drilling. The height of the flower stem exposed to the snow surface and its length inside the ice depend on the accumulation or melting of the deployment points and the observation period. 2) Regularly measure the height of flower stalks exposed on the surface of glaciers, and calculate the amount of glacier melting or accumulation based on its changes. For glacier accumulation areas, the method of excavating snow pits can also be used to determine the accumulation amount of glaciers. 3) Calculation of glacier mass balance. Based on the observations of the material balance flower stem points and snow pits during a specific period, the material balance of the observation points during the observation period can be calculated. Using interpolation methods, the material balance value of the entire glacier during the observation period can be obtained through contour line and contour line methods.", "ds_ref_instruction": "" } }, "submit_center_id": "ncdc", "data_level": 0, "license_type": "CC BY 4.0", "ds_topic_tags": [ "河源1号冰川", "冰川物质平衡", "天山" ], "ds_subject_tags": [ "地球科学其他学科" ], "ds_class_tags": [], "ds_locus_tags": [ "天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川" ], "ds_time_tags": [ 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 ], "ds_contributors": [ { "true_name": "李慧林", "email": "lihuilin@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "天山冰川观测实验站", "country": "" }, { "true_name": "周平", "email": "zhouping@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "ds_meta_authors": [ { "true_name": "李慧林", "email": "lihuilin@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "天山冰川观测实验站", "country": "" } ], "ds_managers": [ { "true_name": "王飞腾", "email": "wangfeiteng@lzb.ac.cn", "work_for": "中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院", "country": "中国" } ], "category": "冰川" }